The two Pinhão Valley estates of Quinta do Cruzeiro and Quinta de Santo António, have supplied Fonseca for over a hundred years. Quinta do Panascal in the Távora Valley has a more recent association with Fonseca, but its wines perfectly complement those of the two Pinhão Valley properties as well as producing an exceptional single-quinta Vintage Port made exclusively from grapes grown on the estate. The unique terroir of each quinta contributes its own distinctive character to the Fonseca Vintage Port blend. Cruzeiro provides the dense core of black fruit and tannin. This is enveloped in the rich succulent jammy flavours and velvety texture of the wines of Panascal and overlaid by the exotic heady scents of Santo António. The fusion of the wines of these three diverse properties explains the multi-layered and multi-dimensional quality of Fonseca Vintage Ports and their ability to continue releasing surges of opulent complex aroma over decades of ageing in bottle. Fonseca's estates have also witnessed pioneering developments in organic and sustainable viticulture in the Douro Valley. Quinta do Panascal was one of the first properties in the valley to contain areas of vineyard with organic certification. Quinta de Santo António has been completely converted to the prize-winning sustainable vineyard model developed by the firm's viticulture team and is certified for organic production of grapes that are used in each blend.